What is the difference between a list and a tuple?

List:

• Mutable: you can add, remove, and modify elements.
• Created using square brackets [].
• Uses more memory due to resizing capability.

fruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]
fruits.append("pear")       # Add element
fruits[0] = "orange"        # Modify element

Tuple:

• Immutable: cannot be changed after creation.
• Created using parentheses ().
• Faster and uses less memory.
• Can be used as a dictionary key (since it's hashable).

point = (10, 20)
# point[0] = 5  # TypeError — cannot modify

# Tuple as a dictionary key
locations = {(55.75, 37.62): "Moscow"}

When to use which:

• list — when the collection will change (adding, removing elements).
• tuple — when data should be immutable (coordinates, configurations, dictionary keys).