pow
Raise a number to a power, or to a power modulo mod if mod is given.
Python 3.13
pow(base, exp, mod=None)Parameters
- baseint | float
- The base.
- expint | float
- The exponent.
- modint | Noneoptional
- The modulus: the result equals base ** exp % mod but is computed faster.
Return value
An int for integer arguments and a non-negative exp, a float for a negative exp or float arguments; a complex number for a negative base and a fractional exponent.
Examples
Raising to a power
Python 3.13
print(pow(2, 3))8
Power modulo a number
Python 3.13
print(pow(2, 10, 1000))24
Negative exponent
Python 3.13
print(pow(2, -1))0.5
Details
pow(base, exp) is the same as base ** exp. With mod, all arguments must be integers; a negative exp returns the modular inverse: pow(38, -1, mod=97) gives 23.